Combatting corruption and illicit financial flows

Distinguished Chair,
Excellencies,
Dear Participants,

It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to this Intersessional seminar on the negative impact of the non-repatriation of funds of illicit origin to the countries of origin on the enjoyment of human rights.

As the Secretary-General reminded us at the opening meeting of the most recent General Assembly session, we are facing the greatest cascade of crises in our lifetimes. The COVID-19 pandemic has supersized inequalities. We are witnessing dramatic setbacks to the achievement of economic, environmental and human rights commitments and the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as rising conflicts and severe social tensions.

Among the factors that restrict many countries' capacity to take steps that can put their economies, societies and people on a more sound footing are high levels of capital flight, and illicit financial flows – including tax evasion and tax avoidance; money laundering; and the transfer of funds arising from bribery, corruption and criminal activities. UNCTAD has found that illicit financial flows (IFFs) could amount to billions of dollars every year.

Corruption and associated illicit financial flows pose a major challenge to many societies. By eroding the tax base, and discouraging public and private investment, they strip societies of vital and scarce resources, which are indispensable for the structural transformation, economic growth and sustainable development of all countries. They thus pose a direct threat to people's ability to exercise their human rights, including the right to development.

On the positive side, it appears that efforts to trace freeze or seize stolen assets across borders have become significantly more effective in recent years. The Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative run by the World Bank and UNODC found a marked increase between 2017 and 2021in cases where funds stolen by corruption were traced and recovered. The number of States pursuing cross-border asset recovery in corruption cases is also growing. Since 2010, US$ 9.7 billion in corruption proceeds have been either frozen, seized or confiscated in their destination country – or returned to the country where they were stolen.

Stepped up action is needed to fight corruption. Corruption and related financial flows do not only undermine States` ability to mobilise resources for financing sustainable development and for realizing human rights. They also weaken state institutions and undermine the rule of law and the functioning of the criminal justice systems.

But as we step up anti-corruption efforts and asset recovery processes, we must make sure that these efforts do not themselves infringe on human rights. Our Office will soon publish Recommended Principles on human rights and asset recovery, to further guide such efforts.

The Recommended Principles are intended to support international cooperation in the context of asset recovery. They outline a human rights-based approach to the recovery and return of proceeds of corruption, including by providing examples of best practices. This guidance will cover all phases of the process of asset recovery, including prevention and detection of corruption; tracing of proceeds of corruption; the preservation and confiscation of proceeds of corruption; and the return and allocation of stolen funds.

Distinguished Chair,

To recover from the pandemic's profound setbacks to development and human rights we need to build economies that are people- and planet-centred and which work for everyone, everywhere. Together, we must create more robust systems for accountability, transparency and integrity without delay.

I wish you success with your deliberations.